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㊦ あげる(1) ←

→ ㊦ 間・あいだ(に)

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Auxiliary Verb (Group 2)

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Someone gives some action as a favour to a person who is not a member of the giver's in group but whose status is about equal of the giver.	Do something for someone; do someone a favour by doing something
【Related Expression: くれる2; (もらう2)】

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Key Sentences

(ksa). 私は信男さんにネクタイを買ってあげた・あげました。

I bought a tie for Nobuo.

(ksb). 僕は春子さんを慰めてあげた・あげました。

I consoled Haruko.

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Formation

Vて	あげる
	話してあげる	talk for someone's sake
	食べてあげる	eat for someone's sake

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Examples

(a). 君はお母さんに何をしてあげましたか。

What did you do for your mother?

(b). 田中さんはスミスさんに本を貸してあげた。

Mr. Tanaka lent a book to Mr. Smith.

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Notes

1. あげる is used as an auxiliary verb with the て form of verbs. The meaning of Verb-てあげる is 'do something for someone' or 'do someone a favour by doing something'. The restriction which applies to あげる1 also applies to あげる2. Namely, sentences with Verb-てあげる are descriptions from the viewpoint of the benefactor (i.e., the person in subject position); therefore, the indirect object must not be the first person or a person the speaker empathizes with. (⇨ ㊦ あげる (1)1, Note 1) Thus, (1a) and (1b) are ungrammatical.

(1)
• a. *花子は私に日本語を教えてあげた。
• Hanako taught me Japanese.
• b. *メアリーは私のむすめにペンを買ってあげた。
• Mary bought a pen for my daughter.

The grammatical sentences for (1a) and (1b) are (2a) and (2b), respectively. (⇨ ㊦ 呉れる・くれる (2))

(2)
• a. 花子は私に日本語を教えてくれた。

• b. メアリーは私のむすめにペンを買ってくれた。

As in KS (B), if the person receiving the benefit is the direct object of the sentence, the indirect object is omitted. Therefore, (3a) and (3b) are ungrammatical.

(3)
• a. *僕は春子さんに春子さんをなぐさめてあげた。
• b. *僕は春子さんになぐさめてあげた。

When the main verb is intransitive, あげる is not used along with に.

The following sentence is ungrammatical:

(4)
• *私達はジョンに働いてあげた。
• We worked for John.

In this case, の為に 'for the sake of' is used, as in (5). (⇨ ㊦ 為(に)・ため(に))

(5)
• 私達はジョンのために働いた。
• We worked for John's sake.

4. The humble polite version of Verb-てあげる is Verb-てさしあげる. Example：

(6)
• 私は先生にピアノをひいてさしあげました。
• I played the piano for my teacher.

The degree of politeness expressed in Verb-てさしあげる is higher than that of Verb-てくださる and Verb-ていただく, which are the polite versions of Verb-てくれる and Verb-てもらう, respectively, (⇨ ㊦ 呉れる・くれる (1))

5. When the benefactor is in a higher position than the recipient or is of equal status and his relationship to the recipient is close, Verb-てやる is used instead of Verb-てあげる. Examples:

(7)
• a. 私は妹にレコードを買ってやった。
• I bought my little sister a record.
• b. じゅんは猫に魚を焼いてやった。
• Jun roasted fish for his cat.
• [John is the speaker's close iriend.]
• c. 私はジョンにラジオを貸してやりました。
• I lent John my radio.

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㊦ あげる(1) ←

→ ㊦ 間・あいだ(に)

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